Waste degradation in a landfill is an example of what process?

The correct choice emphasizes the process of waste degradation that predominantly occurs in landfills. Anaerobic decomposition refers to the breakdown of organic material by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen, which is the primary mechanism at work in many landfill environments.

In a typical landfill, the conditions often limit the availability of oxygen, which leads to anaerobic bacteria breaking down organic waste. This process generates methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and carbon dioxide, which can contribute to landfill gas production. Understanding anaerobic decomposition is essential for managing landfill operations effectively, as it impacts gas management strategies and the overall environmental footprint of the landfill.

Conversely, aerobic decomposition requires the presence of oxygen and is generally not the dominant process in landfills, where oxygen levels are low due to the dense layering of waste. Mechanical shredding pertains to the physical size reduction of waste materials and is not directly related to the biological processes of degradation. Thermal oxidation involves burning materials at high temperatures and is more relevant in waste-to-energy contexts than in landfills, where the focus is generally on decomposition rather than combustion.