What is the primary function of a gas collection system in a landfill?

The primary function of a gas collection system in a landfill is to capture methane and other gases produced during the decomposition of waste. As organic materials break down anaerobically (without oxygen), they generate landfill gases, primarily methane, which is a potent greenhouse gas. The collection system is designed to prevent these gases from escaping into the atmosphere, thereby minimizing environmental impacts such as air pollution and the contribution to climate change.

Additionally, capturing these gases allows facilities to process them for energy production or safe flaring, which further reduces the potential for odors and health risks associated with uncontrolled gas emissions. This system is essential in maintaining compliance with environmental regulations that govern landfill operations.

The other choices relate to different aspects of landfill management but do not align with the primary purpose of a gas collection system. For example, collecting rainwater pertains more to leachate management and overall water quality, while odor control is a secondary benefit of managing gas emissions. Promoting aerobic decomposition instead refers to a different method of managing waste that is not typically achieved through a gas collection system in traditional landfills.